Other causes for the toxicity-related symptoms should be considered. Delirium, for example, is a frequent problem in palliative patients and is multicausal in origin. History taking should include inquiring for the presence of hallucinations and the level of control of pain and other symptoms. Regular assessment of mental status is advised. Physical examination should attempt to exclude other underlying factors such as brain involvement, infections and dehydration. Laboratory investigations may be useful. Renal functioning parameters can be useful as can others such as calcium level and blood counts.
Clinical Presentation
Underlying Mechanisms
Assessment of toxicities
Overall management
Opioid rotation
Opioid dose reduction
Addition of other drugs
Hydration
References
Credits
Content for this flash card was provided by Dr. Jose Pereira and Jacqui Peden RN MN. For full credits click here.